The term "iron curtain" has since been used metaphorically in two rather different senses – firstly to denote the end of an era and secondly to denote a closed geopolitical border. The concept goes back to the Babylonian Talmud of the 3rd to 5th centuries CE, where Tractate Sota 38b refers to a "mechitza shel barzel", an iron barrier or divider: " אפילו מחיצה של ברזל אינה מפסקת בין ישראל לאביהם שבשמים" ( Even an iron barrier cannot separate Israel from their heavenly father). Various usages of the term "iron curtain" (Russian: Железный занавес, romanized: Zheleznyj zanaves German: Eiserner Vorhang Georgian: რკინის ფარდა, romanized: rk'inis parda Czech and Slovak: Železná opona Hungarian: Vasfüggöny Romanian: Cortina de fier Polish: Żelazna kurtyna Italian: Cortina di ferro Serbian: Гвоздена завеса, romanized: Gvozdena zavesa Estonian: Raudne eesriie Bulgarian: Желязна завеса, romanized: Zhelyazna zavesä) pre-date Churchill's use of the phrase. Swedish book " Behind Russia's iron curtain" from 1923 On the one hand, the Iron Curtain was a separating barrier between the power blocs and, on the other hand, natural biotypes were formed here, as the European Green Belt shows today, or original cultural, ethnic or linguistic areas such as the area around Trieste were preserved. Its popularity as a Cold War symbol is attributed to its use in a speech Winston Churchill gave on 5 March 1946, in Fulton, Missouri. It originally referred to fireproof curtains in theaters. The use of the term Iron Curtain as a metaphor for strict separation goes back at least as far as the early 19th century.
Romania became the only socialist state in Europe to overthrow its government with violence.
The events that demolished the Iron Curtain started with peaceful opposition in Poland, and continued into Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia. Countries that made up the USSR were Russia, Belarus, Latvia, Ukraine, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Lithuania, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan. The nations to the east of the Iron Curtain were Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, and the USSR however, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR have since ceased to exist. The Berlin Wall was also part of this physical barrier. It later became a term for the 7,000-kilometre-long (4,300 mi) physical barrier of fences, walls, minefields, and watchtowers that divided the "east" and "west". Separate international economic and military alliances were developed on each side of the Iron Curtain. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union, while on the west side were the countries that were NATO members or nominally neutral. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and its allied states. The Iron Curtain is a term describing the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
Albania withheld its support to the Warsaw Pact in 1961 due to the Soviet–Albanian split and formally withdrew in 1968. Yugoslavia, member of the Non-Aligned Movement
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